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Objective To improve the system of specialized training by exploring the role of multimodal navigation in the teaching of neurosurgery.Methods The questionnaire was conducted by the experts to obtain the detailed information of 20 residents.They were randomly divided into two groups:the traditional teaching group (n=10) and the multimodal navigation group (n=10).The details were evaluated from the reaction layer,the learning layer,the behavior layer and the result layer by the Kirkpatriek's model.The data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0.The quantitative data were described by mean ± standard deviation and the qualitative data was described by rate or percentage.Two independent-samples t test was used to compare the results of two groups.Results The results of the reaction layer showed that the scores of the multimodal navigation group were significantly higher than those of the traditional teaching group,which were statistically significant (P＜0.05) in the training content,training methods,training facilities and experience after training.The learning results showed that the multimodal navigation group had higher scores in the theoretical examinations,surgical skills and overall scores (P＜0.05).The behavioral results showed that the clinical ability of the multimodal navigation group was more prominent (P＜0.05).The result layer showed that under the guidance of professors,the percentage of residents who can complete the whole surgical operation is higher in multimodal navigation group (50％ vs.20％).Conclusion The application of multimodal navigation technology has a positive effect on the teaching of neurosurgery and specialized training of residents.
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0.05).Compared with the control group,the weight and viscera coefficient of testis in high dosage group,the sperm counts of epididymides in medium and high dosage experiment groups were all decreased significantly(P0.05).The activities of succinate dehydrogenase(SDH) and nitric oxide synthase(NOS) of testis in high dosage group,the activities of acid phosphatase(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP) and Ca-Mg-ATPase of testis in medium and high doseage groups were all decreased significantly compared with the control group(P
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Objective To evaluate the arrenotokous toxic action and the related mechanism of MDI in mature male KM mice. Methods The 8-month-old healthy KM mice were intraperitoneally injected with MDI maize oil solution at the dose of 0、62.5、125.0、250.0 mg/kg in normal control group and 3 experiment groups respectively for 14 days.The male mice were killed on day 15 for the measurement of the viscera coefficient of testis and epididymis, the sperm count in epididymis, the activities of enzymes of testis,and concentration of related hormone in testis and blood serum. Results There was no significant difference in body weight between the experiment and the control groups. The viscera coefficient of testis and epididymis in 250.0 mg/kg group decreased significantly compared with the control group(P
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Objective To evaluate the concentration of urinary cadmium and serum sex hormone in cadmium-exposed male workers and explore the affecting factors and related mechanism.Methods The individuals exposed to cadmium from three workshops 40 in each, in a cadmium rechargeable battery manufacture plant were selected as the exposure groups according to concentrations of cadmium oxide in the workplace in November 2008, namely assembly, charging and butt-weld workshop for low, moderate and high dosage group.Another forty male workers without cadmium exposure of the same plant were selected as the control group.Urinary cadmium, serum testosterone,FSH and LH concentrations were measured and urinary cadmium concentration abnormity rate was calculated for the following analysis.Results Compared with the control group, the urinary cadmium concentration and its abnormity rate of the low and high dosage groups were all significantly increased(P9 years groups were all significantly increased(P